| Null Count | Total number of records where the field contains a NULL value, indicating completely missing data. High null counts may signal data collection failures, unpopulated optional fields, or ETL pipeline gaps. | Completeness | Essential |
| Empty Count | Count of records containing an empty string ('') rather than NULL. Empty strings are non-null but carry no meaningful content — common in unvalidated form inputs and text fields. | Completeness | Essential |
| Non-Empty Count | Count of records containing a meaningful, non-null, non-empty value. The primary completeness indicator. Calculated as Total Records - Null Count - Empty Count. | Completeness | Essential |
| Space Count | Count of records where the field contains only whitespace characters (spaces, tabs, newlines). Space-only values are neither null nor empty yet contain no useful information — a hidden completeness gap often missed by basic null checks. | Completeness | Essential |
| Distinct Count | The number of unique values present in a field, excluding nulls. For a primary key field, distinct count must equal total record count. Helps identify cardinality and validate field uniqueness expectations. | Uniqueness / Integrity | Essential |
| Repeating Count | The count of values that appear more than once. Calculated as Total Count - Distinct Count. High repeating counts in key fields (e.g., customer IDs, order numbers) indicate duplication and referential integrity violations. | Uniqueness / Integrity | Essential |
| Digits Count | Count of records containing one or more numeric digit characters (0–9). Used to validate that identifiers, phone numbers, or postal codes contain the expected digit composition. | Validity / Format | Essential |
| Special Character Count | Count of records containing non-alphanumeric characters such as @, #, $, %, &, *. Elevated counts in fields expected to contain only letters or numbers indicate data entry errors, encoding issues, or injection risks. | Validity / Format | Essential |
| Alphabet Count | Count of records containing purely alphabetic characters (A–Z, a–z). Validates that text-only fields such as first and last names do not contain unexpected numeric or special characters. | Validity / Format | Essential |
| Alpha Numeric Count | Count of records containing both alphabetic and numeric characters. Essential for validating mixed-format fields like product codes, license plates, and reference numbers. | Validity / Format | Essential |
| Leading Space | Count of records where the field value begins with one or more space characters. Leading spaces are invisible in most UIs but silently break exact-match comparisons and join operations. Example: ' John' ≠ 'John'. | Consistency / Format | Essential |
| Trailing Space | Count of records where the field value ends with one or more space characters. Trailing spaces are a common artifact in fixed-length fields exported from legacy systems and cause lookup failures. | Consistency / Format | Essential |
| Outer Space | Combined count of records with either leading or trailing spaces. An aggregated signal for edge whitespace issues across the entire field, covering both leading and trailing space cases in a single metric. | Consistency / Format | Essential |
| Inner Space | Count of records containing multiple consecutive internal space characters. Example: 'John Smith' (two spaces) vs 'John Smith' (one space). Typically indicates data merging errors or unvalidated free-text input. | Consistency / Format | Advanced |
| Whitespace Count | Total count of all whitespace characters (spaces, tabs, carriage returns, line feeds) across all field values. A high ratio relative to total character count may indicate padded, poorly formatted, or embedded-formatting values from source systems. | Consistency / Format | Advanced |
| Zero Count | Count of records where a numeric field contains exactly 0. Distinguishing zeros from nulls is business-critical — a zero account balance differs fundamentally from an unknown balance. Elevated zero counts may indicate default value substitution or rounding errors. | Accuracy / Validity | Essential |
| Positive Count | Count of records where a numeric field contains a value greater than zero. Used alongside Negative Count and Zero Count to validate sign distribution expectations for financial, operational, or scientific data. | Accuracy / Validity | Essential |
| Negative Count | Count of records where a numeric field contains a value less than zero. Unexpected negatives in fields like age, quantity, or price indicate data entry errors or sign convention mismatches between source systems. | Accuracy / Validity | Essential |